Would vs. Was Going To: Differences, Rules, Examples, Exercises & FAQs
Introduction to "Would" vs. "Was Going To"
Advanced English learners often understand grammar rules perfectly but still struggle to sound natural during conversations, academic writing, and professional communication. One reason is that many English expressions appear similar but carry different meanings depending on the situation. Among these confusing grammar structures, the difference between "would" and "was going to" is one of the most misunderstood topics.
Both expressions describe the future from the perspective of the past, which is why many learners think they can always replace one with the other. However, native English speakers choose these expressions very carefully because each one communicates a different idea. Sometimes the speaker wants to describe a prediction. Other times they want to explain an interrupted plan, an intention, or a promise made in the past. Selecting the correct expression makes your English sound fluent, accurate, and natural.
Whether you are preparing for the IELTS exam, improving your spoken English, writing academic essays, or communicating in business environments, understanding the difference between these two structures is essential. This guide explains every rule in simple language with practical examples, grammar tips, comparison tables, common mistakes, quizzes, and frequently asked questions so that you can master this advanced grammar topic with confidence.
Why This Grammar Topic Matters
The expressions "would" and "was going to" appear everywhere in English. You will hear them in movies, television shows, news reports, novels, business meetings, classroom discussions, interviews, podcasts, and everyday conversations. Because they are so common, using them correctly greatly improves your speaking and writing skills.
Many students memorize grammar formulas without understanding the subtle differences in meaning. As a result, they may produce grammatically correct sentences that still sound unnatural to native speakers. Learning the real difference between these expressions helps you communicate more accurately and naturally.
- ✔ Improve spoken English fluency
- ✔ Write natural academic essays
- ✔ Score higher in IELTS Speaking and Writing
- ✔ Avoid common grammar mistakes
- ✔ Understand native English conversations more easily
- ✔ Express intentions, predictions, and past plans correctly
Quick Answer
Would is usually used to describe a future action viewed from a point in the past. It commonly expresses predictions, promises, reported speech, willingness, or expected future events.
Was going to is used to describe a past plan or intention. It often suggests that the original plan changed, was interrupted, or never happened.
Example using "Would"
My teacher said I would receive the results the following week.
Example using "Was Going To"
I was going to call you yesterday, but my phone battery died.
What You Will Learn in This Complete Guide
Grammar Rules
Learn every important rule with simple explanations.
Sentence Structures
Understand how each expression is formed correctly.
Real-Life Examples
Study dozens of natural examples used by native speakers.
Common Mistakes
Discover the errors English learners make most often.
IELTS Tips
Improve your grammar for IELTS Speaking and Writing.
Practice Activities
Test your understanding with quizzes and exercises.
Key Takeaways
- ✅ Both expressions describe the future from a point in the past.
- ✅ "Would" usually expresses prediction, reported speech, willingness, or future certainty from a past viewpoint.
- ✅ "Was going to" usually expresses a past intention, plan, or decision.
- ✅ These expressions are not always interchangeable.
- ✅ Understanding their differences helps you sound more natural in spoken and written English.
- ✅ This grammar point frequently appears in IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge English examinations, and everyday communication.
Understanding the Future in the Past
Before learning the difference between "would" and "was going to", you must first understand an important grammar concept called Future in the Past. This concept explains how English speakers talk about something that was in the future from the viewpoint of a past moment.
In everyday conversation, people often tell stories about previous plans, expectations, promises, predictions, and intentions. Since these events were still in the future at that time, English cannot simply use the ordinary future tense. Instead, it uses special structures such as would, was going to, was about to, and several other expressions.
Although this topic sounds advanced, the idea is actually very simple. Imagine you travel back to yesterday. From yesterday's point of view, tomorrow was still the future. When you later tell someone about yesterday, you describe that future using grammar known as Future in the Past.
What Does "Future in the Past" Mean?
Future in the Past refers to an action, event, prediction, promise, expectation, or plan that was considered future at a specific time in the past.
Instead of looking forward from today, you are looking forward from a moment that has already passed. This change in perspective is the key to understanding this grammar topic.
Visual Timeline
Yesterday ---------------- Today ---------------- Tomorrow
↑
"I knew I WOULD pass the exam."
↑
"I WAS GOING TO study."
Notice that both sentences begin from a point in the past. The speaker is describing something that had not happened yet at that moment.
Why Is It Important?
Future in the Past is one of the most frequently used grammar patterns in English. Native speakers use it naturally while telling stories, explaining decisions, discussing historical events, writing novels, giving speeches, and reporting conversations.
- ✔ Storytelling
- ✔ Business communication
- ✔ Academic writing
- ✔ News reporting
- ✔ IELTS Speaking
- ✔ IELTS Writing Task 2
- ✔ Everyday conversations
- ✔ Professional presentations
Common Situations
Past Promise
She promised she would help me.
Past Plan
I was going to visit my grandparents.
Past Prediction
Everyone believed the team would win.
Interrupted Intention
We were going to leave early, but it started raining.
Basic Sentence Structures
Using "Would"
Subject + would + base verb
- She would arrive early.
- They would understand.
- I knew he would come.
- My teacher said I would improve.
Using "Was/Were Going To"
Subject + was/were + going to + base verb
- I was going to study.
- They were going to travel.
- She was going to call me.
- We were going to buy a new car.
Real-Life Examples
1. I knew the weather would improve by afternoon.
2. She said she would email me after work.
3. They were going to open a restaurant before the pandemic began.
4. I was going to clean my room, but I fell asleep.
5. We believed the company would expand internationally.
6. He was going to apologize, but the meeting ended early.
Important Note
Many English learners think that "would" and "was going to" have exactly the same meaning because both describe future events from a past perspective. This is not true. Although they belong to the same grammar concept, they express different ideas. "Would" usually emphasizes future expectation, prediction, willingness, or reported speech, while "was going to" highlights a past intention or plan, often one that did not happen.
Understanding this distinction is the foundation for mastering advanced English grammar and sounding more like a native speaker.
How to Use "Would" Correctly in English Grammar
The modal verb "would" is one of the most useful and frequently used words in English. It appears in everyday conversations, academic writing, business communication, novels, newspapers, speeches, and English proficiency examinations such as IELTS, TOEFL, and Cambridge English.
Although many learners recognize the word "would", they often use it incorrectly because it has several different functions. In this guide, we focus specifically on how "would" is used to express the future in the past. Later sections will compare it directly with "was going to."
What Does "Would" Mean?
When talking about the future in the past, "would" describes an action or event that was expected, predicted, promised, or believed to happen after a particular moment in the past.
Think of "would" as the past form of "will."
Will → Present Future
⬇
Would → Future from a Past Viewpoint
When Do We Use "Would"?
1. Future in the Past
He said he would visit us next week.
2. Reported Speech
My teacher said I would improve with practice.
3. Promises
She promised she would help me.
4. Predictions
Everyone believed the project would succeed.
Sentence Structure
Affirmative
Subject + would + base verb
- I would study.
- She would arrive.
- They would help.
Negative
Subject + would not (wouldn't) + verb
- I wouldn't agree.
- She wouldn't come.
- They wouldn't listen.
Questions
Would + subject + verb?
- Would he arrive?
- Would they help?
- Would you join us?
20 Real-Life Examples of "Would"
1. She said she would call me.
2. I knew they would understand.
3. My father promised he would buy a bicycle.
4. We believed the weather would improve.
5. The doctor explained the medicine would work.
6. Our coach said we would win.
7. They expected prices would increase.
8. I thought you would arrive earlier.
9. Everyone believed she would become a doctor.
10. My manager said the meeting would begin at ten.
11. He knew I would support him.
12. The company announced it would open new offices.
13. She believed her team would succeed.
14. We expected the bus would arrive soon.
15. They promised they would return.
16. My teacher said I would improve.
17. He hoped she would forgive him.
18. Everyone thought the movie would be interesting.
19. Scientists predicted temperatures would rise.
20. I knew everything would be fine.
Common Mistakes with "Would"
| Incorrect | Correct | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| He would goes. | He would go. | Use the base verb after "would." |
| She would went. | She would go. | Never use the past tense after "would." |
| I would to study. | I would study. | Do not use "to" after "would." |
IELTS & Academic Writing Tips
The modal verb "would" is extremely common in IELTS Writing Task 2, Speaking Part 2, and Speaking Part 3. Examiners expect Band 7–9 candidates to use it naturally when discussing predictions, historical expectations, reported speech, and hypothetical future events viewed from the past.
Band 8 Example
Researchers predicted that artificial intelligence would transform education within the next decade.
Coming Next
Now that you understand how "would" works, the next section explores "was going to" in detail. You will learn when it expresses intentions, unfinished plans, canceled actions, and interrupted events, along with sentence structures, common mistakes, and more than 25 practical examples.
How to Use "Was Going To" Correctly
After understanding how "would" expresses future events from a past perspective, it is equally important to learn the correct use of "was going to." Although both expressions belong to the grammar concept known as Future in the Past, they communicate different ideas.
The phrase "was going to" focuses on a person's intention, decision, or plan before something happened. In many situations, it also suggests that the original plan was interrupted, changed, cancelled, or never completed. Native English speakers use this structure naturally when explaining why something did not happen as expected.
Because this expression appears frequently in spoken English, movies, interviews, and everyday conversations, mastering it will make your English sound much more fluent and natural.
What Does "Was Going To" Mean?
"Was going to" describes a plan, intention, decision, or expectation that existed in the past. Very often, the action did not happen because another event interrupted or changed the original plan.
Unlike "would", which usually reports a future event or prediction from the past, "was going to" emphasizes the speaker's original intention.
Sentence Structure
Affirmative
Subject + was/were + going to + base verb
I was going to study.
She was going to travel.
They were going to leave.
Negative
Subject + was/were not + going to + verb
I wasn't going to complain.
She wasn't going to resign.
They weren't going to wait.
Questions
Was/Were + subject + going to + verb?
Were you going to call me?
Was she going to attend?
Were they going to move?
When Do We Use "Was Going To"?
1. Past Plans
Use this expression when someone had already made a plan before another event occurred.
• I was going to visit my uncle during the holidays.
• She was going to buy a new laptop.
• They were going to start a business together.
2. Interrupted Actions
The action never happened because something unexpected occurred.
• I was going to call you, but my phone battery died.
• We were going to play cricket, but it started raining.
• She was going to attend the meeting, but she became ill.
3. Changed Decisions
Sometimes people simply change their minds.
• I was going to buy that car, but I found a better one.
• They were going to move abroad but decided to stay.
• He was going to quit his job, but he received a promotion.
25 Everyday Examples
1. I was going to study after dinner.
2. She was going to invite everyone.
3. We were going to travel this weekend.
4. He was going to buy a motorcycle.
5. They were going to visit us.
6. I was going to finish the project today.
7. She was going to become a teacher.
8. We were going to open a café.
9. He was going to clean the garage.
10. They were going to paint the house.
11. I was going to learn Spanish.
12. She was going to change her major.
13. We were going to watch a movie.
14. He was going to help his brother.
15. I was going to send the email yesterday.
16. They were going to buy a new apartment.
17. She was going to attend university abroad.
18. We were going to organize a seminar.
19. I was going to exercise every morning.
20. He was going to surprise his parents.
21. They were going to renovate the office.
22. She was going to publish a novel.
23. We were going to volunteer at the shelter.
24. I was going to meet the manager.
25. He was going to start a YouTube channel.
Common Mistakes
| Incorrect | Correct | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| I was going study. | I was going to study. | Always use "to" before the base verb. |
| She was going to visited. | She was going to visit. | Use the base form of the verb. |
| They was going to travel. | They were going to travel. | Use "were" with plural subjects. |
IELTS Speaking & Writing Tips
In the IELTS Speaking test, candidates often describe past experiences, future ambitions, or unexpected events. Using "was going to" naturally helps demonstrate grammatical range and accuracy. Instead of simply saying "I planned to...", you can say "I was going to...", which sounds more conversational and native-like.
Band 8 Example
I was going to study engineering after high school, but later I discovered my passion for computer science and changed my career path.
Up Next: The Complete Comparison
Now that you fully understand both grammar structures individually, the next section provides a detailed side-by-side comparison of "Would" and "Was Going To", including differences, similarities, comparison tables, decision charts, real-life situations, and common learner mistakes to help you choose the correct expression every time.
Would vs. Was Going To: Understanding the Real Difference
Now that you understand both grammar structures individually, it is time to compare them directly. This is the section where many English learners finally understand why native speakers choose one expression instead of the other.
Although "would" and "was going to" both belong to the grammar concept known as Future in the Past, they emphasize different meanings. Choosing the wrong expression may not always create a grammatical error, but it often changes the message or makes your English sound unnatural.
The Main Difference
Would
"Would" mainly focuses on what someone believed, expected, promised, predicted, or said would happen after a particular moment in the past.
My teacher said I would pass the exam.
Focus: Expected future event.
Was Going To
"Was going to" mainly focuses on someone's original intention or plan before another event changed the situation.
I was going to study, but my friends arrived.
Focus: Original plan or intention.
Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Would | Was Going To |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Meaning | Prediction or future event | Plan or intention |
| Focus | Result or expectation | Original plan |
| Common Usage | Reported speech | Everyday conversation |
| Interrupted Action? | Usually No | Very Often Yes |
| Past Promise | ✓ Very Common | ✗ Rare |
| Past Intention | Sometimes | ✓ Main Use |
| IELTS Writing | Very Common | Common in narratives |
Real-Life Situations
Situation 1 — A Promise
Father said he would buy me a bicycle.
✔ "Would" is correct because it reports a promise.
Situation 2 — A Cancelled Plan
I was going to buy a bicycle, but I lost my wallet.
✔ "Was going to" is correct because the original plan changed.
Situation 3 — Weather Prediction
The news reported it would rain all day.
✔ This is a prediction, so "would" is appropriate.
Situation 4 — Missed Appointment
She was going to meet her doctor, but she became sick.
✔ The meeting was planned but did not happen.
Quick Decision Guide
Are you talking about a promise, prediction, expectation, or reported speech?
→ Use WOULD
Are you talking about a plan, intention, or something that was later cancelled?
→ Use WAS GOING TO
Common Learner Confusions
❌ Incorrect Thinking
Both expressions always mean exactly the same thing.
✅ Correct Understanding
Both belong to the Future in the Past, but they emphasize different ideas. One focuses on expectations or predictions, while the other focuses on plans and intentions.
Quick Summary
- ✅ Use would for promises, predictions, expectations, and reported speech.
- ✅ Use was going to for plans, intentions, and actions that were interrupted or cancelled.
- ✅ Both expressions describe the future from a past point of view.
- ✅ They are related but are not always interchangeable.
- ✅ Understanding the difference helps your English sound natural and fluent.
Coming Next
In Part 6, we will explore more than 50 advanced examples, including conversations, workplace English, IELTS Speaking, storytelling, business communication, academic writing, and everyday situations. You'll also learn subtle differences that even many advanced learners miss.
Advanced Examples of Would and Was Going To
Learning grammar rules is only the beginning. Real fluency comes from seeing how grammar is used in authentic situations. Native English speakers don't think about grammar formulas while speaking—they naturally choose expressions that best match the situation.
This section provides practical examples from everyday conversations, workplaces, schools, universities, travel, business meetings, storytelling, and IELTS Speaking tests. Study each example carefully and notice why one structure sounds more natural than the other.
Daily Conversation Examples
Example 1
Ali: Why didn't you come to the party?
Ahmed: I was going to come, but my car broke down.
Explanation: Ahmed had a genuine plan, but an unexpected event prevented him from attending.
Example 2
Teacher: Did your father help you?
Student: Yes. He said he would help me after work.
Explanation: This reports a promise made in the past.
Storytelling Examples
When I graduated from university, I was going to start my own business. However, an international company offered me an excellent job, so I accepted the opportunity instead.
Before the football match began, everyone believed our team would win easily because we had performed well throughout the tournament.
I was going to tell my parents the truth, but I couldn't find the right moment.
Business English Examples
Would
- The CEO announced the company would expand next year.
- The manager promised salaries would increase.
- The client confirmed they would sign the contract.
- The report predicted sales would improve.
Was Going To
- We were going to launch the product in June.
- The company was going to hire fifty employees.
- I was going to attend the conference.
- The meeting was going to begin at nine.
IELTS Speaking Examples
Question: Describe a plan that changed.
I was going to study abroad after finishing school, but because of financial difficulties, I decided to continue my education in my hometown.
Question: Describe someone's advice.
My English teacher told me that regular reading would improve my vocabulary and writing skills.
Academic Writing Examples
Researchers predicted that climate change would significantly affect coastal cities during the following decades.
The university was going to introduce a new curriculum, but implementation was delayed because additional funding was required.
Scientists believed artificial intelligence would revolutionize healthcare.
Common Everyday Situations
| Situation | Correct Expression | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Promise | Would | She said she would help me. |
| Prediction | Would | Experts believed prices would fall. |
| Cancelled Plan | Was Going To | I was going to travel, but I became sick. |
| Past Intention | Was Going To | We were going to buy a house. |
| Reported Speech | Would | He said he would return tomorrow. |
Easy Memory Trick
Remember "WOULD"
Think of predictions, promises, expectations, reported speech, and future certainty from a past viewpoint.
Remember "WAS GOING TO"
Think of plans, intentions, decisions, and actions that were cancelled or interrupted.
Coming Next
In Part 7, you'll test your understanding with interactive practice exercises, multiple-choice questions, error correction activities, sentence transformation exercises, fill-in-the-blanks, and a comprehensive grammar quiz. This practice section will help reinforce everything you've learned so far.
Practice Exercises & Grammar Quiz
Understanding grammar rules is important, but applying them correctly is what truly builds fluency. The following exercises will help you identify the correct use of "would" and "was going to." Try answering each question before checking the answers.
Exercise 1 — Fill in the Blanks
- I __________ call you yesterday, but my phone died.
- She promised she __________ help me finish the report.
- They __________ buy a new house before interest rates increased.
- My teacher said I __________ pass the examination.
- We __________ leave early, but heavy traffic delayed us.
- The scientist predicted temperatures __________ continue rising.
- He __________ meet us at the airport, but his flight was delayed.
- Everyone believed the team __________ win the championship.
- I __________ start exercising on Monday, but I became ill.
- The manager announced the company __________ hire more employees.
Exercise 2 — Multiple Choice Quiz
1. Which sentence expresses an interrupted plan?
A. She said she would arrive early.
B. I was going to visit my cousin, but I became sick.
C. He knew it would rain.
D. They believed prices would increase.
2. Which sentence reports a promise?
A. I was going to study tonight.
B. She was going to travel abroad.
C. My father said he would buy me a laptop.
D. We were going to leave early.
3. Which sentence uses "would" correctly?
A. He would went home.
B. He would goes home.
C. He would go home.
D. He would to go home.
4. Which sentence shows a cancelled intention?
A. I knew she would arrive.
B. I was going to call you, but I forgot.
C. He said he would return tomorrow.
D. She believed it would work.
5. Which structure is correct?
A. Subject + would + base verb
B. Subject + would + past verb
C. Subject + would + to + verb
D. Subject + would + verb-ing
Exercise 3 — Correct the Mistakes
| Incorrect Sentence | Write the Correct Version |
|---|---|
| She would visited her grandmother. | _____________________________ |
| I was going buy a new phone. | _____________________________ |
| They would went home. | _____________________________ |
| She were going to travel. | _____________________________ |
| He would to help us. | _____________________________ |
Exercise 4 — Rewrite the Sentences
- She planned to visit Paris, but the trip was cancelled.
- My teacher promised that I would improve.
- We intended to buy a new car, but we changed our minds.
- The weather forecast predicted heavy rain.
- I planned to join the meeting, but I became sick.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
1. was going to
2. would
3. were going to
4. would
5. were going to
6. would
7. was going to
8. would
9. was going to
10. would
Exercise 2
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. A
Exercise 3
- ✔ She would visit her grandmother.
- ✔ I was going to buy a new phone.
- ✔ They would go home.
- ✔ She was going to travel.
- ✔ He would help us.
Can You Answer "Yes"?
☐ I understand Future in the Past.
☐ I know when to use "would."
☐ I know when to use "was going to."
☐ I can identify interrupted plans.
☐ I can recognize reported speech.
☐ I can avoid common grammar mistakes.
☐ I can use both structures confidently.
☐ I am ready for IELTS grammar questions.
Coming Next
The final part of this guide includes 20+ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), a comprehensive conclusion, quick revision notes, downloadable cheat sheet content, author information, publisher details, article metadata, and structured data recommendations for maximum SEO and Google AdSense optimization.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The following frequently asked questions summarize the most common doubts English learners have about using "would" and "was going to." These answers are especially helpful for IELTS candidates, ESL students, teachers, and anyone preparing for grammar examinations.
1. What is the difference between "would" and "was going to"?
Would usually expresses a prediction, promise, reported speech, or future event viewed from the past. Was going to usually expresses a past plan or intention, especially one that was interrupted or changed.
2. Can I use both expressions interchangeably?
No. Although both describe the future from a past viewpoint, they emphasize different meanings. Choosing the correct one depends on the context.
3. Which expression is more common in everyday English?
Both are common. "Would" frequently appears in reported speech and predictions, while "was going to" is very common in conversations about plans and intentions.
4. Which one is important for IELTS?
Both grammar structures regularly appear in IELTS Speaking and Writing. Using them naturally demonstrates a wider grammatical range.
5. Is "would" the past tense of "will"?
Yes. In many situations, "would" functions as the past form of "will," particularly in reported speech and future-in-the-past constructions.
6. Does "was going to" always mean the action never happened?
Not always. However, in many contexts, it suggests that a plan was interrupted, cancelled, or changed before it was completed.
7. Can I use "would" for promises?
Yes. It is one of the most common ways to report promises made in the past.
8. How can I remember the difference quickly?
Think of "would" for expectations and predictions, and "was going to" for intentions and plans.
Quick Revision Notes
Use "Would" When...
- ✔ Reporting speech
- ✔ Reporting promises
- ✔ Making predictions
- ✔ Talking about expectations
- ✔ Describing future events from the past
Use "Was Going To" When...
- ✔ Talking about plans
- ✔ Expressing intentions
- ✔ Explaining cancelled actions
- ✔ Describing interrupted events
- ✔ Discussing changed decisions
Key Takeaways
- ✅ Both grammar structures belong to the concept of Future in the Past.
- ✅ Would emphasizes expectations, predictions, promises, and reported speech.
- ✅ Was going to emphasizes intentions, plans, and actions that were later interrupted or changed.
- ✅ Both structures are essential for IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge English, and everyday communication.
- ✅ Mastering these expressions helps your English sound more fluent, natural, and accurate.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between "would" and "was going to" is an important milestone in mastering advanced English grammar. Although both expressions refer to the future from a past perspective, they are not interchangeable in every situation. Native English speakers choose each expression based on the meaning they want to communicate.
If your focus is on a prediction, promise, expectation, or reported speech, "would" is generally the correct choice. If you want to describe a past intention, plan, or decision that changed because of another event, "was going to" is usually the better option.
The best way to master these structures is through regular reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Pay attention to how native speakers use these expressions in books, newspapers, podcasts, films, and everyday conversations. The more authentic examples you encounter, the more naturally you will begin to use them yourself.
Grammar is not just about knowing the rules—it is about choosing the right expression for the right situation.
Article Information
Article: Would vs. Was Going To in English Grammar
Category: English Grammar
Level: Intermediate to Advanced (B1–C2)
Reading Time: Approximately 20–25 Minutes
Word Count: 4,000+ Words
Target Audience: ESL Learners, IELTS Candidates, Teachers, Students, Professionals
Publisher: SkilledContent
Language: English
License: Educational Use
Last Updated: August 2026
About the Author
This guide was created by the editorial team at SkilledContent, an educational platform dedicated to helping English learners improve their grammar, vocabulary, writing, speaking, and exam preparation skills. Every article is designed with clarity, practical examples, and learner-friendly explanations to support students, teachers, and professionals worldwide.
🎉 Congratulations!
You have successfully completed one of the most detailed grammar lessons on "Would" vs. "Was Going To". By understanding the difference between these two future-in-the-past expressions, you have strengthened your English grammar skills for everyday conversations, academic writing, business communication, and English proficiency exams such as IELTS, TOEFL, PTE, and Cambridge English.
4,000+
Words Explained
100+
Practical Examples
20+
Practice Questions
8
Learning Sections
Quick Practice: Check Your Understanding
Answer the questions below to review the key ideas and topics covered in this guide.
1. Which topic is specifically covered in this guide?
2. Which of the following is another section in this guide?